Korean Diabetes Association

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[2022 Mar;46(2)] Iron Overload and the Risk of Diabetes in the General Population: Results of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey Cohort Study

2022.07.15
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https://e-dmj.org/journal/view.php?number=2636 (클릭 172회)

Original Article

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology

Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):307-318.

Published online: March 7, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0287

Iron Overload and the Risk of Diabetes in the General Population: Results of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey Cohort Study

He Gao

, Jinying Yang, Wenfei Pan, Min Yang

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

Corresponding author: Min Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6828 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China E-mail: ymin36@zju.edu.cn

Received December 6, 2020 Accepted March 17, 2021

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Recent studies have found that there are significant associations between body iron status and the development of diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the association among iron overload (IO), insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes in Chinese adults, and to explore the sex difference.

Methods

Men and women (age >19 years) who participated in the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey and did not have diabetes at baseline were followed between 2009 and 2015 (n=5,779). Over a mean of 6 years, 75 participants were diagnosed with incident diabetes. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors associated with IO. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the risk of incident diabetes and to determine whether the risk differed among subgroups. Causal mediation analysis (CMA) was used to explore the mechanism linking IO and diabetes.

Results

According to sex-stratified multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression, IO increased the risk of incident diabetes. Women with IO had a higher risk of diabetes than men. Subgroup analysis with respect to age showed that the association between IO and diabetes was stronger in older women and younger men (P<0.001). CMA showed that liver injury (alanine transaminase) and lipid metabolism abnormalities (triglyceride, apolipoprotein B) contributed to the association between IO and diabetes.

Conclusion

IO is associated with diabetes and this association is sex-specific. IO may indirectly induce IR via liver injury and lipid metabolism abnormalities, resulting in diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hepatic insufficiency; Insulin resistance; Iron overload; Lipid metabolism disorders; Sex characteristics

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